Transition Metals †Properties of the Element Group

The largest group of elements is the transition metals. Here is a look at the location of these elements and their shared properties. What Is a Transition Metal? Of all the groups of elements, the transition metals can be the most confusing to identify because there are different definitions of which elements should be included. According to the IUPAC, a transition metal is any element with a partially filled d electron sub-shell. This describes groups 3 through 12 on the periodic table, although the f-block elements (lanthanides and actinides, below the main body of the periodic table) are also transition metals. The d-block elements are called transition metals, while the lanthanides and actinides are called inner transition metals. The elements are called transition metals because the English chemistry Charles Bury used the term in 1921 to describe the transition series of elements, which referred to the transition from an inner electron layer with a stable group of 8 electrons to one with 18 electrons or the transition from 18 electrons to 32. Location of the Transition Metals  on the Periodic Table The transition elements are located in groups IB to VIIIB of the periodic table. In other words, the transition metals are elements: 21 (scandium) through 29 (copper)39 (yttrium) through 47 (silver)57 (lanthanum) through 79 (gold)89 (actinium) through 112 (copernicium) - which includes the lanthanides and actinides Another way to view it is that the transition metals include the d-block elements, plus many people consider the f-block elements to be a special subset of transition metals. While aluminum, gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, bismuth, nihonium, flerovium, moscovium, and livermorium are metals, these basic metals have less metallic character than other metals on the periodic table and tend not to be considered as transition metals. Overview of Transition Metal Properties Because they possess the properties of metals, the transition elements are also known as the transition metals. These elements are very hard, with high melting points and boiling points. Moving from left to right across the periodic table, the five d orbitals become more filled. The d electrons are loosely bound, which contributes to the high electrical conductivity and malleability of the transition elements. The transition elements have low ionization energies. They exhibit a wide range of oxidation states or positively charged forms. The positive oxidation states allow transition elements to form many different ionic and partially ionic compounds. The formation of complexes causes the d orbitals to split into two energy sublevels, which enables many of the complexes to absorb specific frequencies of light. Thus, the complexes form characteristic colored solutions and compounds. Complexation reactions sometimes enhance the relatively low solubility of some compounds. Quick Summary of the Transition Metal  Properties Low ionization energiesPositive oxidation statesMultiple oxidation states, since there is a low energy gap between themVery hardExhibit metallic lusterHigh melting pointsHigh boiling pointsHigh electrical conductivityHigh thermal conductivityMalleableForm colored compounds, due to d-d electronic transitionsFive d orbitals become more filled, from left to right on the periodic tableTypically form paramagnetic compounds because of the unpaired d electronsTypically exhibit high catalytic activity

Adult Criminal Justice System Of North Carolina - 1110 Words

Under North Carolina’s General Statute 7B 1604a, any juvenile who commits a criminal offense on or after the juvenile s sixteenth birthday is subject to prosecution as an adult (â€Å"Limitations†). North Carolina remains one of only two states in America that automatically prosecutes all 16- and 17-year-olds in the adult criminal justice system regardless of the severity of the crime they commit; punishments served to students involved in something as trivial as fist-fight in a local high school cafeteria can prove alarmingly consequential. Charges of assault and battery pressed against any juvenile involved could stick with the adolescent and leave him with permanent criminal record without recourse for the charge to be sent back down to juvenile court. Treating adolescents and adults as one entity creates issues because adolescents differ significantly from adults in their capacity to make sound decisions. Studies clearly illustrate the brain is still constructing pieces of decision-making and behavior throughout adolescent years and lack the ability to fixate on the consequences of their behavior. These vulnerabilities cultivate impulsive reactions and cloud judgment choices. Because of this, teens benefit more from the juvenile system which focuses on punishment and treatment, unlike adult court which concentrates on punishment and incarceration (Toshumba). As a result of incomplete brain development, characteristics including personality, temperament, mentality, andShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Crime And The Juvenile Justice System1278 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Crime and the Juvenile Justice System in North Carolina: Informative Speech Specific Purpose Statement To inform my audience about the seriousness of juvenile crime and the problems that North Carolina faces when dealing with underage offenders. Introduction I. According to the Annual Summary Report done by the North Carolina Department of Justice and the State Bureau of Investigation, in 2012, approximately 36,000 juveniles were arrested in the state of North Carolina. i. Over 11,000 of theseRead MoreCriminal Justice : Should All Criminals Be Treated The Same?1472 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice: Should All Criminals be Treated the Same In 2009, the FBI states that 11 percent of all violent crime clearances and seventeen percent property crime clearances involved only youth (qtd. in Campaign for Youth Justice). Meaning that a little over eighty percent of all crime was done by adults. The FBI also notes that the rate of adult crime has only gone down one percent over the past decade, as where juvenile crime has gone down more than twenty percent (qtd. in CampaignRead MoreComputer Technology And The Field Of Criminal Justice Professionals Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesfield of Criminal Justice is no exception. The usage of computer technology and other devices is pivotal and can assist Criminal Justice professionals with the tasks they face on a daily basis. Prior to enrolling in this course, I have had extensive knowledge in computer technology as well as computer applications used in the field of criminal justice. Computer applications used by criminal justice professionals such as NCAWARE (North Carolina Warrant Repository). NCAWARE is a web-based system that retainsRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Act Of 19741625 Words   |  7 Pagesof eighteen who is under adult-court supervision and incarcerated or detained in a prison or jail. While PREA defines a juvenile as under the age of eighteen the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA) allows the states to set their own definition of a juvenile (Lahey). This discrepancy in the definition of a juvenile has caused problems and slow progress with states coming towards compliance with PREA. States, such as North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, Missouri, GeorgiaRead MoreMechanism Of Effect Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesIllinois, Chicago: Mechanism of effect: According to experts Atkins Marc and Mary Mckay in Chicago Illinois, a social ecological model for school-based mental health services was placed into the school system. This initiative targeted low-income urban High Risk Youths and the underserved population. This model has three components: (1) it can be managed with school resources and staff (2) It is related to empirically based factors correlated to suppress violence and accelerated social functioningRead MoreFairness and Balance in the Criminal Justice System1591 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most interesting things I learned from doing my research on community corrections in my jurisdiction is how the criminal justice system is committed to being fair and balanced. I have observed in a court arraignment how a judge briefed everyone in the court about proper protocols during the hearings .The judge said he could not start court hearings unless a prosecutor was present, and that he cautions the inmate th e right to remain silent, and also discussed to the inmate his rights. Community-basedRead MoreThe Issue of Cyberbullying1694 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Cyber bullying A Criminal Offense Introduction Should cyberbullying be considered a crime? What are the punishments for cyberbullying? What kinds of behaviors are categorized as cyberbullying? This paper reviews those issues and provides supporting literature. Thesis: Cyberbullying has become far more than a nuisance and a distraction in public schools and hence strict rules should be enacted to deter cyberbullying. When a state legislature passes a criminal law in order to dissuade studentsRead MoreStrategies For Implementation Of Health Care Reform Within Criminal Justice1595 Words   |  7 PagesStrategies for implementation of Health Care Reform within Criminal Justice Many correctional professionals believe that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have provided a major change to the way justice involved populations’ access health care in the community. Being able to secure health insurance especially Medicaid allowing more access to health care including behavioral health programs that will improve outcomes and positively impacts by reducing rates for returning to jail orRead MoreLethal Injection And Juvenile Criminals Be Sentenced Like Adults? `` By Abigail Pesta838 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough lethal injections and juvenile criminals seem unrelated topics, they both deal with problems in the criminal justice system. The titles are â€Å"Should Juvenile Criminals Be Sentenced Like Adults?† by Abigail Pesta. Pesta is an award-winning journalist and an author; she was also a graduate from the University of Notre Dame. â€Å"Lethal Injection for Execution: Chemical Asphyxiation?† by Teresa A. Zimmerman, Jonathan S heldon, David A. Lubarsky, Francisco Lopez-Munoz, Linda Waterman, Richard WeismanRead More85% More Times That Whites. They Are Only 14% Of The Drug1399 Words   |  6 Pages(Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). When it comes down to it all minorities have disadvantages when it comes to equality in our justice system? Religious discrimination against muslim americans is increasing at a rapid pace. Studies have shown that race plays a major factor in the severity of a punishment. For example Dylan Roof, a white male that slaughtered nine african american church attendees in cold blood in Charleston, South Carolina was apprehended and later taken

The Mobilising Creativity and Innovation

Question: What is the Mobilising Creativity and Innovation ? Answer : Introduction: The current report aims to demonstrate the various alternative approaches and perspectives through which firm creativity and innovation could be promoted across various levels. These levels include individuals, group and organisation. Therefore, Oman Telecommunications Company (Omantel) has been selected as the organisation in order to promote innovation within the organisation. This is because with the rising growth of Ooredoo Oman in the telecommunications industry of the nation, Omantel has no longer been able to maintain its monopoly in the market. As a result, it has necessitated the need for Omantel to design creative and innovative services for maintaining its competitive edge in the market (Omantel.om 2017). In the words of Albonaiemi and Ghahremani (2016), innovation is the technique of obtaining valuable ideas and converting the same into beneficial products, services and operational methods. However, these ideas are generated through creativity and it comes before innovation. Thus, with the help of creativity, an organisation could gather new ideas for quality enhancement and innovation places these ideas into action. However, certain factors affect the creative thinking of an individual. These factors comprise of lack of direction, fear of failure, fear of criticism, striving for constancy along with rationalisation and justification (Bateson, Bateson and Martin 2013). Analysis: It has been observed that the rapid growth of Ooredoo Oman in the Oman telecommunications industry has necessitated the need for Omantel to come up with creative and innovative services. However, the major individual blocks to creativity and innovation that have been identified in the context of Oman are briefly discussed as follows: Perceptual block: It is the situation, in which a problem solver does not possess a fair knowledge or perception related to problem and the information required to develop effective solutions to the problem (Cropley 2015). Due to the lack of direction, the individuals working in Omantel make incorrect assumptions, as they foresee the problems from various viewpoints. Hence, the core elements of the problem could not be identified. As a result, the staffs of Omantel are not in a position to think creatively for solving the problem at hand. Emotional block: As commented by Helfat and Martin (2015), the emotional block to creativity takes into account risk-taking, inability to maintain ambiguity and fear of conducting mistakes. The staffs of Omantel encounter this block, as they judge ideas, instead of generating them. In addition, the staffs of the organisation do not find adequate time to relax due to stressful working conditions. As a result, they do not pay adequate attention to the immediate problems, as they intend for quick success. Such quality has restricted the capability of the staffs to think in a creative way and it would also lead to lack of control over the imagination of an individual (Khalili and Khalili 2016). Intellectual and expressive block: This type of block happens at the time the problem solver does not possess adequate knowledge of the subject required to solve the same. There is absence of adequate training in Omantel due to which the staffs of the organisation do not have a fair idea of the strategies and techniques required for problem solving. In addition, another constituent of this block is the complexity of the problem solver in expressing ideas to the customers (Litchfield, Ford and Gentry 2014). Due to the language issues of the staffs of Omantel, the organisation is finding it difficult to expand its business in the global market. As a result, it has hindered the process of creativity and innovation within the organisation. In order to overcome the above-stated blocks, the following theory or approach of creativity related to innovation could be used to improve the operational methods of Omantel: Wallas model: This model consists of five phases for creative thinking, which include preparation, incubation, intimation, illumination and verification. In the first phase, the focus is on the problem, as it explores the dimensions of the problem (Perry-Smith and Mannucci 2017). In case of Omantel, the main problem is associated with the expansion of the business in the global market. The major dimensions of the problem could be identified as stressful working hours, incorrect assumptions and language barriers. In the second phase, the problem has been internalised into unconscious mind; however, nothing occurs in the external world. Therefore, the managers of Omantelk could present different problematic situations to the team members. Adequate time would be provided to the staffs to come up with creative ideas that provide solutions to the provided problems. As a result, it would help in promoting creativity within the organisation. The third phase is intimation, in which the staffs have the feelings that a solution is on its way (Ramalingam et al. 2015). In case of Omantel, considering the above instance, as soon as the situation is provided to the staffs, they begin thinking of possible ways that could be used to resolve the specific problem. Finally, they would arrive at a specific solution and the manager of Omantel could accumulate all ideas designed to solve the particular problem. However, in order to increase the level of creativity and innovation, Omantel needs to motivate its staffs in each department through monthly appraisals. As a result, it would help in generating more creative and innovative ideas (Tutt and Duncan 2013). The fourth phase is illumination, in which the creative idea is presented from preconscious processing into conscious awareness (Schaarschmidt and Kilian 2014). In case of Omantel, with the initiation of performance appraisals, the staffs begin to put forward their creative and innovative ideas that would help in expanding the business operations. The final phase is verification, in which the ideas put forward are verified and evaluated effectively and accordingly, application is made (Somech and Drach-Zahavy 2013). In case of Omantel, the ideas accumulated from the staffs of Omantel need to be evaluated and the most creative idea needs to be rewarded for increasing the motivation level of the staffs. As a result, it would help in encouraging the process of creativity and innovation within Omantel. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that creativity and innovation are the major aspects of an organisation in order to maintain its competitiveness along with expanding its business operations. However, creativity backs innovation, as a bundle of creative ideas result in an innovative product or service that intends to deliver maximum value to the customers. There are certain factors that hinder the process of creativity and innovation of an organisation. In order to evaluate the importance of creativity and innovation, the leading telecommunication company of Oman, which is Omantel, has been chosen to find the major blocks affecting the organisational progress. The major blocks related to the process of creativity and innovation includes lack of direction, fear of failure, fear of criticism, striving for constancy along with rationalisation and justification. The major blocks identified in case of Omantel include perpetual block, emotional block, intellectual and expressive block. The first block appears due to judgement of ideas rather than generating the same. The second block occurs due to fear of doing mistakes and inability to maintain ambiguity. The final block happens because of the lack of knowledge in solving a specific issue and communication barrier. Hence, for overcoming these three blocks, the management of Omantel could apply Wallas model of creativity and innovation. This is because with the help of this model, the organisation would be able to involve the staffs in coming up with new and creative ideas through improved motivational techniques. Recommendations: The following recommendations would be beneficial for Omantel in order to promote and sustain creativity and innovation within the organisation: Omantel could think of providing monthly bonuses to the staffs for coming with creative ideas to expand the business operations further. In addition, the management needs to take the suggestions on serious note to increase the willingness of the staffs in designing new and creative ideas. For instance, Omantel could ask each employee to offer one suggestion each week and after thorough assessment of all the ideas gathered, the best oe would be selected along with implementation. Omantel could provide a suggestion box to maintain confidentiality of the employees for inspiring the creative spirit to instil as portion of the organisational culture. In addition, brainstorming sessions could be conducted as well to reach at a particular solution for any problem. Omantel could set up innovation teams to design new ideas regarding diversifying its business operations. However, the management needs to set deadlines to present the ideas of the innovation teams and the best idea could be rewarded, which would indicate that the firm values work-related creativity. As most of the staffs in Omantel have language issues, it could recruit staffs from cross-border countries for diversifying its business operations in the global market. Hence, there would a diversity amongst the staffs, as this would lead to emergence of mixed culture and shared ideas to benefit the organisation. References: Albonaiemi, E. and Ghahremani, L., 2016. Examining the relation between knowledge management and employees' creativity (Case study: employees of telecommunications companies inGolestan Province).International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS)? ISSN 2356-5926,1(1), pp.1984-1993. Bateson, P., Bateson, P.P.G. and Martin, P., 2013.Play, playfulness, creativity and innovation. Cambridge University Press. Cropley, D.H., 2015. Promoting creativity and innovation in engineering education.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,9(2), p.161. Helfat, C.E. and Martin, J.A., 2015. Dynamic Managerial Capabilities: A Perspective on the Relationship Between Managers, Creativity, and Innovation in.The Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, p.421. Khalili, A. and Khalili, A., 2016. Linking transformational leadership, creativity, innovation, and innovation-supportive climate.Management Decision,54(9), pp.2277-2293. Litchfield, R.C., Ford, C.M. and Gentry, R.J., 2014. Linking individual creativity to organizational innovation.The Journal of Creative Behavior. Omantel.om. (2017).Personal. [online] Available at: https://www.omantel.om/wps/portal/ [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. Perry-Smith, J.E. and Mannucci, P.V., 2017. From creativity to innovation: The social network drivers of the four phases of the idea journey.Academy of Management Review,42(1), pp.53-79. Ramalingam, T., Karim, J.A., Piaralal, S. and Singh, B., 2015. Creativity and innovation (organizational factor) influence on firm performance: An empirical study on Malaysian telecommunication mobile network operators.American Journal of Economics,5(2), pp.194-199. Schaarschmidt, M. and Kilian, T., 2014. Impediments to customer integration into the innovation process: A case study in the telecommunications industry.European Management Journal,32(2), pp.350-361. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A., 2013. Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation.Journal of Management,39(3), pp.684-708. Tutt, K. and Duncan, C., 2013. Creativity and innovation.Independence,38(1), p.10.

Community Building with Suicidal Behavior Essay Example For Students

Community Building with Suicidal Behavior Essay MBA Organizational Behaviour and Design Paper on:Human beings have psychological, ethical, and spiritualneedsthattranscend the normal liberal agenda. Liberals have tended tofocusexclusively on economic entitlements and political rights. But most peopleneed something more: We need to be part of loving families and ethicallyand spiritually grounded communities that provide a meaning for our livesthat transcends the individualism and me-firstism of the competitivesociety. People constantly experience emotions, yet in organizational theory, as inorganizational life, the exploration of emotionshasbeenlargelydeemphasized, marginalized, or ignored. Impersonal criteria for makingdecisions and restraints on emotional expression at work have long been thehallmarks of bureaucracy (e.g., Weber, 1946, 1981). Recent work has brokenthis emotional taboo, exploring how certain organizations require theexpression of particular emotions at work to maximize organizationalproductivity, an aspect of job performance that has been labeled emotionallabor (Hochschild, 1983). The process of organizing requires the coordination of employees behavior. Because coordination may be imperfect:(1) Direct and fully obtrusive:such as giving orders, surveillance, and rules. (2) Bureaucratic and somewhat less obtrusive: such as division of labor andhierarchy; and(3) Fully unobtrusive control of the cognitive premises underlying action:in which the employee voluntarily restricts the range ofbehaviorsconsidered appropriate. Focus on EmotionsTraditional bureaucratic, normative, and feminist organizations differregarding theirorientationstowardemotionalissues.Traditionalbureaucratic organizations echo Weber in emphasizing control by impartialand impersonal rules that eschew the personal favoritism that can come withindividuating solutions to problems (e.g., Hellriegel and Slocum, 1979). Traditional bureaucracies also attempt to keep the public domain of workand the private domain of personal and family life separate, so that if anemployee experiences difficulties balancing work and familydemands,responsibility for the problem and the solution lies with the individualemployee, not the employing firm. Robert Weisberg, 2003) offered a modification of the feminist position onthese emotional issues. They introduced bounded emotionality as a limitedand pragmatic approach totheproblemofemotionalcontrolinorganizations, for a different formulation of bounded emotionality. asfeelings,sensations,andaffectiveresponsestoorganizationalsituations, although the acknowledged that such work feelings stem fromand affect emotions arising from ones personal history and home life. Bounded emotionality encourages the expression of a wider range of emotionsthan is usually condoned in traditional and normative organizations, whilestressing the importance of maintaining interpersonally sensitive, variableboundaries between what is felt and what is expressed. Bounded emotionalityhas six defining characteristics: inter-subjective limitations, emergent(rather than organizationally ascribed) feelings, tolerance of ambiguity,heterarchy of goals and values, integrated self-identity, and communitybuilding. Empowerment has emerged as a conceptual paradigm to guide theory, old andcurrent research, and practice in community psychology (Rappaport, 1981;Swift Levin, 1987). Community psychologists have been in the forefront inarticulating and evaluating collaborative processes designed tohelphistorically disenfranchised groups access health, mental health, and otherresources. The intent of these interventions is to create a psychologicalsense of community that can break the cycle of oppression. Lesbians and gaymen are a substantial population which has been historically marginalizedby law, social policies, and social custom. However, the concerns oflesbians and gay men have remained largely invisibleincommunitypsychology. For instance, a review of community psychology journals between1965 and 1985 revealed four papers on lesbian and gay topics. These studiesfound that lesbians and gay men are underserved in mental health, socialservice, and health care settings. More recent reports describe socialsupport systems in university communities (DAugelli, 1989a; Edelman, 1986)and rural settings (DAugelli, Collins Hart, 1987; DAugelli ; Hart,1987), and the impact of the HIV epidemic on gay male communities (Martin,Dean, Garcia ; Hall, 1989). The career counseling needs of battered women vary across settings, overtime, and with their individual experiences of domestic abuse, challengingcounselors to accurately assess their needs and to balance immediate andshort-term safety needs with longer term career and educational pursuits. cave of stars Essay . Caring for the Community: Mental Health and Health Enhancement:Building and establishing lesbian and gays professional health-related organization to provide supporttolesbianandgaypractitioners (youth and older). . Confronting the HIV/AIDS Crisis: confrontattitudes,developprograms, and challenge political roadblocks, prevention of furtherHIV infections, development and expansion of AIDS prevention models,and research and education to address AIDS-related stigma and anti-gayattitudes. . Promotion of Civil Rights: further researchdocumentingtheinequities in civil rights experienced by lesbians and gay men;promotion of public and organizational policies that provide legalprotection and nondiscrimination and fosterlegalrecognition;research focused on the impact of social, legal and politicalinfluences on lesbian and gay lives (e.g., effectsofanti-discrimination legislation or the restrictiveness of child custodylegislation); and development of information programs onanti-discrimination policies and on legal rights for dissemination to thelesbian and gay communities on both local and national levels. . Gay Bar Scene gay bars have functioned as a haven for them to meetnew friends and sex partners. . Homophobia Homophobia is defined as the irrational fear of people andthings related to lesbians and gay men (Weinberg, 1972), and it havetwo kinds:1. Externalized homophobia: comes from the heterosexual communitywho dislikes or fear homosexuals. Conversely,2. Internalized homophobia comes from within the lesbian or gayman. . Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA): Sexual abuse is defined as any unwanted sexual experience , and substance abuse may become a strategy used by childhood sexual victims to cope with their pain. . HIV/AIDS and Alcohol Effects: The experience of losing friends to AIDS leads many lesbians and gay men to worry constantly about their own health and the health of their friends and their lovers, and thus, Because alcohol and drugs may suppress the immune system, the relationship between drinking, substance abuse, and AIDS has received great attention in the gay community. . Coming-Out Process: many gay people demonstrate fears and anxieties about rejection from friends, families, and society. For many these fears and anxieties are born of actual, devastating experiences. Federal Laws:Devolp new acts aware of LGB as: . Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatmentand Rehabilitation Act. . Human Health and Human Services Act. Confidentiality: . In order to ensure that people with substance abuse problems activelyseek mental health services without worrying about being stigmatizedor criminalized. . A clients sexual orientation, especially if a client is a gay orlesbian. Which means, keep in mind that disclosing a clients sexualorientation without the clients consent can result in devastatingconsequences. Community psychologists can fulfill that promise through applied researchand action to continue the tradition of empowerment started by members oflesbian and gay communities. The complex influences of history, law, andsocial policy on the psychological adjustment and community life oflesbians and gay men in different communities provide rich opportunitiesfor community psychologists. Graduate training in community psychology mustincorporate a focus on lesbian and gay communities to take advantage ofthese opportunities. Training a new generation of community psychologistsby involving them in the pressing problems of lesbian and gay life is thebest approach to ending the invisibility of lesbians and gay men incommunity psychology. Community psychologists have much to give to lesbianand gay communities in their continuing struggle to create a place forthemselves in the whole world society. Community Building with Suicidal BehaviourIntroduction:CONTROL IN THREE IDEAL TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONSBounded EmotionalityEmpowering lesbian and gay communities (Historical Background):EMPOWERMENI AND Social Cognitive Carrier Theory SCCT (Krista M. Chronister,Ellen Hawley Mcwhirter, 2003):Empowerment is defined as the process by which people, organizations, orgroups who is powerless or marginalized:ONGOING BARRIERS TO PERSONAL, FAMILY AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LESBIANS AND GAY MENS SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROBLEMS:(Zhankun Cheng, 2003):STANDARDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELING PRACTICES (Riggar, 2003):Conclusion:

Spontaneous Generation Essay Example For Students

Spontaneous Generation Essay From the time of the Ancient Romans, through the Middle Ages, and until the late nineteenth century, it was generally accepted that life arose spontaneously from non-living matter. Such spontaneous generation appeared to occur primarily in decaying matter. For example, a seventeenth century idea for the spontaneous generation of mice required placing sweaty underwear and husks of wheat in an open-mouthed jar. Then, waiting for about 21 days, during which time it was said that the sweat from the underwear would penetrate the husks of wheat, changing them into mice. Although that idea may seem ridiculous today, that and other ideas like it were believed and accepted during that time, which was not too long ago. We will write a custom essay on Spontaneous Generation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The first serious attack on the idea of spontaneous generation was made in 1668 by Francesco Redi, an Italian physician and poet. At that time, it was thought that maggots arose spontaneously in rotting meat. Redi believed that maggots developed from eggs laid by flies after observing that they had different developmental stages.. To test his hypothesis, he set out meat in a variety of flasks, some open to the air, some sealed completely, and others covered with gauze. As he had expected, maggots appeared only in the open flasks in which the flies could reach the meat and lay their eggs. This was one of the first examples of an experiment in which controls are used. In spite of his well-executed experiment, the belief in spontaneous generation remained strong, and even Redi continued to believe it occurred under some circumstances. The invention of the microscope encouraged this silly belief. Microscopes revealed a whole new world of organisms that appeared to arise spontaneously. It was quickly learned that to create animalcules, as the organisms were called, you needed only to place hay in water and wait a few days before examining your new creations under the microscope. The debate over spontaneous generation continued for centuries. In 1745, John Needham, an English clergyman, proposed what he considered the definitive experiment. Everyone knew that boiling killed microorganisms, so he proposed to test whether or not microorganisms appeared spontaneously after boiling. He boiled chicken broth, put it into a flask, sealed it, and waited sure enough, microorganisms grew. Needham claimed victory for spontaneous generation. An Italian priest, Lazzaro Spallanzani, was not convinced, and he suggested that perhaps the microorganisms had entered the broth from the air after the broth was boiled, but before it was sealed. To test his theory, he modified Needhams experiment he placed the chicken broth in a flask, sealed the flask, drew off the air to create a vacuum, then boiled the broth. No microorganisms grew. Believers of spontaneous generation argued that Spallanzani had only proven that spontaneous generation could not occur without air. The theory of spontaneous generation was finally laid to rest in 1859 by the young French chemist, Louis Pasteur. The French Academy of Sciences sponsored a contest for the best experiment either proving or disproving spontaneous generation. Pasteurs winning experiment was a variation of the methods of Needham and Spallanzani. He boiled meat broth in a flask, heated the neck of the flask in a flame until it became bendable, and bent it into the shape of an S. Air could enter the flask, but airborne microorganisms could not they would settle by gravity in the neck. As Pasteur had expected, no microorganisms grew. When Pasteur tilted the flask so that the broth reached the lowest point in the neck, where any airborne particles would have settled, the broth rapidly became cloudy with life. Pasteur had both refuted the theory of spontaneous generation and convincingly demonstrated that microorganisms are everywhere, even in the air!!! And also because of Pasteurs success, the theory of biogenesis came about that said that living organisms come only from other living organisms. .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 , .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .postImageUrl , .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 , .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1:hover , .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1:visited , .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1:active { border:0!importa nt; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1:active , .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .ctaButton { b ackground-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1 .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1cd8be1c7a20d3edcd70fd4ae244a4f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ocean Discovery Teaches Animal Cruelty Essay

Constitutional Basis essays

Constitutional Basis essays My belief is that the Constitution of the United States has offered us many rights, and at times, those rights seem to be in disagreement, while at other times, we would be in chaos without them. The Constitution states all people have the right to life, liberty and freedom. This is a bit idealistic because one persons liberty may infringe upon another persons freedom. The difficulties in discerning the Framers intentions increase both as time elapses and as we need to get more specific. Would the Framers have considered a wiretap to be a search? Would they have considered flag burning to be a form of speech? Would they have considered cable television to be a form of press? These inquiries are sometimes made because we view the Framers as wardens having issued commands, the meaning of which depends on their intentions. Framers advocated a particular idea suggests to us that it is a good idea, not merely that it reflected the preferences of the biggest or strongest group. The Constitution specifies the design of a mechanism to produce laws that are beneficial but not unjust; laws that, because they are both necessary and proper, bind us in conscience. Although, we cannot inspect every law individually, we need some confidence that the internal operation of the lawmaking process is designed to produce beneficial laws and to weed out those that violate the rights retained by the people. Only a Constitution that establishes a lawmaking process with the requisite built-in quality controls can impart legitimacy on the laws enacted in its name. A Constitution that fails to contain such internal quality control procedures tells us nothing about the justice of the laws it produces. Yet, who among the Framers of the Constitution ever imagined that the free speech clause might apply to government regulations designed to curtail the export of encryption software? Or that such an iss...

Project, operations and supply chain management Essay - 1

Project, operations and supply chain management - Essay Example In this respect, projects adopting the traditional approach are designed in a way that the exact results expected from the project are defined with precision. As such, definite results are agreed upon between the project team and the client. On the other hand, projects adopting the agile approach start with the expectation that there may be changes in the features and requirements of the project over time. As opposed to the traditional approach, the only agreement that is set between the project team and the client is the time to the taken as well as the resources in order to deliver the most optimal results (Carroll, 2012, p. 8). Differences between the two approaches can also be noted in the implementation phase. That is, the traditional approach follows a route that is predictable and linear; the tools and techniques that are used in sequencing, organizing and assigning various tasks in the project are very inflexible. On the contrary, the agile methodology is more adaptive and follows a less linear route. Emphasis in this project management approach is put in on the people, collaboration, effective communication and customer solutions, while seeking to bring about dynamism in the project aimed at adapting to the external environment (Singh, 2012, p. 205). The leadership and management styles that are applied in projects while using the two approaches also differ greatly. In this respect, the traditional approach to project management adopts a bureaucratic, top-down approach to leadership. The leaders in such projects rely on control and command in passing instructions to their subordinates, while having clearly set roles for each of the project members. On the other hand, the agile methodology adopts a transformational leadership style whereby leaders seek to inspire their subordinates in carrying out their respective tasks. The assigning of duties among

Explain why institutional licensure is unacceptable in today's Essay

Explain why institutional licensure is unacceptable in today's healthcare system - Essay Example Under the constant demand from nursing leaders and nursing associations for the need to remove inconsistencies in the quality of nursing care, nursing licensure came into place as the means to provide protection against poor quality in nursing care (Catalano, 2000). Thus the basis of licensure is to ensure competency and quality in nursing care and for which nurses have to qualify through an examination. The current nursing practice licensure examination is the National Council Licensure Examination Computer Adaptive Testing (NCLEX-RN, CAT) for Registered Nurses. Modifications can be shortly expected through the Mutual Recognition Model for Nursing Licensure that is targeted as a moving towards a universal nursing license, which will allow nurses qualifying from one state to practice in any other state. The activity of Licensure for nursing practice on the basis of RN examination thus goes towards meeting the objectives of protecting the health, safety, and welfare of the public thro ugh the establishment of nursing professional standards (Catalano, 2000). Against this backdrop enters into the picture institutional licensure as an option for meeting the objectives of protecting the health, safety, and welfare of the public.

Philadelphia Snacks Breadsticks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philadelphia Snacks Breadsticks - Essay Example Another ingredient, water is considered the most abundant and versatile substance on Earth. Water is used in a variety of ways in food preparation, processing, and preservation (Bender & Bender, 2005). Salt is also known as sodium chloride. It is the second most widely used food additive in the world. Salt is primarily used for food seasoning and preservation (Joachim, 2002). Locust bean gum is also called carob bean gum, is extracted from the seeds of the carob tree which grows in Mediterranean countries. It is used as a thickener and gelling agent for various food products. Locust bean gum works well with carrageenan and is usually combined with the latter (Khan & Abourashed 2010). The ingredient carrageenan is also called seaweed extract. It turns into a gel once dissolved in water and is commonly used in milk products (Tarte, 2008). Wheat flour is the flour obtained by grinding wheat kernels and recovering the ground endosperms after removing the bran and germ (Sertori, 2008). Ve getable fat is an edible fat composed of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil which contains no water (Smith & Hui, 2004). Wheat fiber is a dietary fiber sourced from wheat bran (Sertori, 2008). Meanwhile, barley malt extract is the sweetener derived from barley during the malting process (Roberts & Greenwood, 2011). Yeast is a leavening agent derived from the one-celled microorganism (International Commission on Microbiological Specification for Foods, 2005). Wheatgerm is extracted from wheat kernels and a source of fiber (Sertori, 2008).

Gender Equality in Employment

Gender Equality in Employment Even though Men and Woman constantly work and compete in this society for recognition and rewards. Nowadays Woman is given equal opportunities in every profession from Business to Defense. But there is an historical saying that Men are stronger and smatter than Woman, Which is true to some extinct but when we compare todays world we say that its totally disagreeable statement. In every profession woman are showing there talent and hard work and making others praise them. Recently in a study conducted by an UK University there are few things that should be noted, Men are 30-40% stronger than Woman and Woman are 10% more smatter than Men (Sunderland University, 2007). Today we can see that Customer Service and Other Office oriented jobs are mainly dominated by woman, in which aggression levels are not accepted, where as Engineering and Construction oriented jobs are dominated by Man. By this we can understand that Men are more aggressive than Woman. Governments all around the world actively encouraged woman to take part in country development expect some Gulf countries where woman are only allowed to work in offices but not in other sectors. Woman are excelling now a days in every profession, they are leading countries and business, Recently Germany elected its first woman president and companies like Pepsi Co. and other Fortune 500 are managed by Woman CEOs. Women are made as brand ambassadors for many International brands like Cannon, Sony etc But still in some parts of the world women are criticized and not able to perform, the recent assassination of former and the first women president of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto, which shocked the entire world (New York Times, 2008). Many influential women around the world are  assassinated for dominating men. Although many western countries already started respecting women in every action they perform. Social relationships of women with men are weakening resulting divorces. Domestic violence against women in the Western countries like United States increased a lot since 1980s. Women are sexually abused by Men, making them restricted to some part of the society. Statistics prove that three out of every four women were subject to abuse: 9% of which was done by ex-husbands, 35% by boyfriends and 32% by ex-boyfriends (Domestic Violence-Report of an Inter-Agency Working Party, 1992), Governments passed strict rules even death sentence in Republic of China for abusing women. Facing all the se problems still women are equally competing with men in all areas. Some of the most influential women in the world are Oprah, Hillary, Mother Theresa, Benazir Bhutto, Indira Ghandi, Angelina Jolie, and many others. Literature Review The scope of this research is whether women can truly be successful in the world dominated by men, in which I studied various topics on women development which are explained below. I explained the various stages of women development during last century. In current situations women are given equal opportunities with men, but can this really done? The basic idea of this research is women are still striving over the domination of men. I examined many Surveys, Interviews, and Observations to include in this project, which claims the result. There are some factors which prove the fact. The most important social changes for woman development are identified as: Gender Equality around the world makes a clear description of the women development. Resource Availability to  women worker to prove them in the society, Schemes launched by Governments to Women empowerment and the Advertising Media interference to the issue like rating top influential women in the world bought some radical changes in the society. Methodology When I Studied the Recent Survey on Womens Empowerment and Development I found that in Globalizing world Men and Women are given equal gender rights. Still, the violence towards women is an epidemic Against which no country in immune. Womens Empowerment is different in different countries; we can take an example of Developed, Developing and Underdeveloped Countries. The women in Developed countries seem to assign more rights and freedom than the developing and underdeveloped countries. People in western countries honor women for there excellence and courage, but in some Gulf, African and Asian countries they are not able to even go out of their homes. During last Iran war thousands of women are made homeless and widows, many Western NGO (Non Profit Organizations) came forward to help the disadvantaged people by providing some work under Government schemes. In a Recent Public Poll on Women rights conducted by World Public Opinion 89% of Mexican said its very important for women to have equal rights as of men, where as 77% of United States people said its very important and the average stands at 59%. The majority of the people around the world are supporting equal rights (World Public Opinion, March 6th 2008). United Nations (UN) started participating actively around the world for women development. In a questionnaire survey conducted in 16 countries 14 countries responded in favor of UN in actively participating for women development, however in Egypt Most of those polled (70%) think the United Nations should not get involved in efforts to improve womens rights and among the Palestinians views are evenly divided. On average, 64 percent approve of UN efforts to further the rights of women, while 28 percent say this would be improper interference. (World Public Opinion, March 6th 2008). In 2004 The OECD was subsequently asked to investigate the barriers for women in academic and non-academic research careers in New Zealand. The reports say that women has higher rate of enrollment in higher education with 9.4% where as men as 8.2% (OECD and Ministry of Research Science and Technology, Feb10, 2005). By which we can easily understand women are stepping an ahead of men in scientific careers. When we compare the turnover rate of Women with Men here is the result of the survey conducted in 2004 for African Women Development, since 2000, the turnover rate for women has been higher than the rate for men. Turnover for female public servants increased from 12% in 2000 to 13% in 2004. The turnover rate for male public servants remained unchanged over this period (at 10%). This Survey also proved a Psychological factor which is making women focus on there development is the family responsibility. Overall, 52% of women earned less than $40,000 (compared with 33% of men) and 5% e arned more than $80,000 (compared with 12% of men). The pay gap between the median salary for female and male public servants decreased between 2000 and 2004, from 17% to 16%. Women are reaching new heights, attaining growth and development. The migration of women has always been an important component of international migration. As of 2000, 49 per cent of all international migrants were women or girls, and the proportion of females among international migrants had reached 51 percent in more developed regions. (2004-World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, Conducted by UNESCO), Even though women are facing more troubles than man have, these factors all lead to the destruction of social relationships between man and woman making a self competing world. When I Studied a Recent survey on Women Rights here is what I like to present Globalization is a multi-dimensional process of economic, political, cultural, and ideological change. It has had a mixed impact on womens rights. On the one hand, it has led to increasing violations of womens economic, political, and cultural rights in large measure due to the withering away of the welfarist/developmentalist state, the feminization of poverty, the expansion of religious fundamentalisms, and new forms of militarism and conflict. It has been noted by many international womens organizations, for example, that the new trade agreements contravene the spirit and often the letter of international conventions on human rights, labor rights, and womens rights. On the other hand, aspects of globalization have provided women with increasing opportunities to work in solidarity at national, regional, and international levels to demand their rights. UNSECO is actively working on the implementation of adv anced Human Rights which mainly focus on contribution on Women security and welfare. The women are seeking equal work culture in organizations, which are now only enjoyed by men. In many companies the women as less pay rates when compared to men, where as security of a women working in a company is less. World Jurisdiction has ample of cases registered on sexual harassment on women. When I made a Research on Recognition of Women in the society Women all around the globe are respected and treated as important source of development and existence of human mankind. International Womens Day (IWD) is observed on March 8th Which is celebrated across the globe. It is a major day of global celebration for the economic, political and social achievements of women. The first IWD was observed on Feb 29th, 1909 in the United States. Many women marked there positions as the most influential persons in the world, Such as Mother Teresa who was given Woman of the Century for her service. Women proved in every area such as Polictics, Business, Adminstration, Law, Engineering etc†¦ Women ruled nations, managed companies taking potential decesions, worked in Space and every deal as the list goes on. Countries like Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka are once ruled by princess and these countries give a lot of importance to woman. Woman in these countries serve in most influential posit ions in the Government. Many countries have elected women as Presidents, United States in yet to elect a Lady President. Time Magzine also reported the top most influetial woman on the planet, which is the highest recognition in the society. Women are given Nobel Lauratee for there excellence in the field of specialisation. During an Interview with Vicki Donlan, author of Her Turn and founder of Womens Business describes why its time for women to continue to step into leadership roles in America, the steps we can take to make this happen and the benefits for women AND men when more women lead. She said women are capable of leading a country like United States without any obstacles, She also stated that women all around the world are intelligent and courages for their development. Indra Nooyi, CEO of Pepsi Co.: Indra was named the #1 Most Powerful Women in Business in 2006 by Fortune Magazine. As President and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo, she is the highest ranking Woman in corporate America. Shes helped engineer over $30 billion worth of deals in the past few years and is taking on the challenge of some fierce competition: a newly energized Coca-Cola campaign. She was every confident with her work and decisions she take for the one of the latest business which operates in 190 countries. She always says that every woman can do anything in life, they are equal with men. (Top Business Woman, 2006 by Fortune Magazine) During an Interview with Michelle Crain, Director of Call center, Inc. and one of the most influential women in the business, she started that women are best in business and she said about the Women Educational Development as â€Å"A number of occupations became professionalized through the 19th and 20th centuries, gaining regulatory bodies, and passing laws or regulations requiring particular higher educational requirements. As womens access to higher education was often limited, this effectively restricted womens participation in these professionalizing occupations. For instance, women were completely forbidden access to Cambridge University until 1868, and were encumbered with a variety of restrictions until 1987 when the University adopted an equal opportunity policy.† Beside Interviews I also observed during my Internet Research I found that women are leading the way in many countries, but in some countries they are lagging behind men. The inspiration of other women makes them to move forward and achieve new heights. For example in United States more than 65% of the women work and 12% are running business in the same way if we take Kenya only 14% of the women work, mainly devoted to Agriculture field. The Women in Countries like China, India and Other Asian Countries are developing and there is an increasing statistics of working women. Governments are taking initiatives for Women Development in these countries by launching schemes for working women. The United States Employment Law is totally in favor of women by providing same wage rates, flexible working hours and Maternity leaves. It is observed in United States that the women as better Credit Score than men. This shows that Women are constantly developing in the society. The inspiration and Government actions women are excelling and there is lot more to do. The Women in Countries like United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and Other European Countries are fully development and in transition phase. But the Countries like India, China, Pakistan and Other Asian Countries they still developing; Governments are taking active role in Women Development and Empowerment. UN interference is also making them to work on this issue. Reports and Surveys say that Women in North Korea, Kenya and other African Countries are still facing lot of problems, and there is no aid to rescue them. When I made an Internet Research Observation the Women in Developed and Developing Countries are facing sexual harassments at work environment. Governments and Companies passed strict rules against the sexual harassment on women, but the strategy didnt change. The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2004 shows that there are more than 1500 women killed in United States for Sexual Harassments. In India the working women are sexually harassed and killed, recently three cases are recorded in International companies like HP and Wipro, where Call Center Associates were sexually harassed and killed by the Drivers appointed by the companies, this made companies to take initiative in launching GPRS to the cars that are used to pick and drop women employees. The jurisdictions around the world are fully loaded with sexual harassments cases, which are yet to justify. When I made a survey with other women on Streets about the Security on Women the Woman told that the women should develop there own security system to protect against men, by waging fight for human rights. Many activists have already started these types of fights to improve the women rights in the society. Many Women Claim that these types of sexual harassments make women mentally bind to there homes and are not able to work in the environment. Majority of the women said that we are also part of the society and should be respected and treated well is the basic point that should be noted by men. When I made an Observation on Women in Business I found that Women are leading many International companies with motivation and high decision making skills, Men and Women equally contribute to the development of the economy. Both are now money maker and creators. UN has taken a step forward to help the women in Business by launching a Development center for Women Development, which focuses on women in Business sectors. Training programs are given to women who are interested in starting there own business. In my Internet Research on Women in Business I found that Fortune 500 Companies are managed and operated by many women. For example: Indra Nooyi. The present CEO of Pepsi Co. and another example: The founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics created a business that has helped some half a million women fulfills their dreams of business ownership. A best-selling author and powerful motivational speaker, Lifetime Television named her the Most Outstanding Woman in Business in the 20th Century. Debbi Fields is one of the greatest Women Entrepreneur she at age of 20, Debbi Fields was a housewife with no business experience, but a great chocolate chip cookie recipe and a dream. Today, Mrs. Fields Cookies is one of the worlds most recognizable dessert franchises, with over 600 stores in the U.S. and ten other countries. When I made an Online Observation on the Women in Scientific Inventions where I found that Women also spread there activity in Scientific Inventions by inventing many prominent inventions in the world. Cancer is one of the most killing diseases on the world, Dr. Marie Curie is known to the world as the scientist who discovered radioactive metals i.e. Radium Polonium Marie Curie contributed greatly to our understanding of radioactivity and the effects of x-rays. She received two Nobel prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material. Mary Dixon Kies in 1809 received the first U. S. patent issued to a woman. Kies, a Connecticut native, invented a process for weaving straw with silk or thread. First Lady Dolley Madison praised her for boosting the nations hat industry. Unfortunately, the patent file was destroyed in the great Patent Office fire in 1836. She is generally regarded as the mother of inventions. Many other women fo r there excellence in Inventions were awarded Nobel Laureates, in every filed that Nobel is awarded Women had there positions. When I made an Observation on Successful women in Space and Defense Sector I found that Space Administration is most difficult way to exploring the universe, Women has made everything possible there are more than 50 women still date that traveled in space exploring new inventions and discoveries. Tereshkova is a Russian Engineer who was entitled to be the first women in Space; she was in space for 2.95 days. NASA has more than 2500 women engineers and technicians working on different space missions. Many explorations which include the recent Mars exploration which was engineered by women, marking there name on top. Many women even died in failures of missions leaving an inspiration note to other women, When studying Successful women in various Internet and Extranet sources I found that nowadays the Women Applications at NASA centers and other Defense Research Centers are increasing, which shows a sign of interest and motivation. There are women Pilots, Engineers, Technicians and other working staff in every country Defense Research and implementation. Many women are leading armies and the defense related issues. Questionnaire Question 1: Do you really think men and women are equal in working environment? Question 2: What are the changes you need to get for better woman working? Question 3: Do you think working men and women have low social relationships? Question 4: What is the role men play in womens working class? Question 5: Do you think men are responsible for women underdevelopment? Question 6: Do you support women working in defense? Question 7: What are the additional rights that a woman is in need of? Question 8: Do you think UN is taking an active role in Women Development? Question 9: What are the measures we have take to develop the women working class in African and other Asian countries? Question 10: Do you think women in western countries are safe? Question 11: What are the measures you suggest for decreasing the Sexual Harassment cases? Please mention a few of the measures? Question 12: Do you think United States has equal gender rights? Question 13: Do you support women having low wage rate than men? Question 14: What is the role that governments should play for equal gender rights? Question 15: Whom do you prefer if you have a company? Men Women The Data I found when I surveyed 160 women near my Neighborhood and on Streets was only 3% of the women show anguish that women are not equally treated to men, there was 94% of the women say that women are equal with men in all fields. When I asked some questions from the above questionnaire in my survey like the response for the survey is 1. Do you think Women are Successful? The Answer was 96% of the women said yes and the rest 4% said up to some extent only needs more development. 2. Do you think United States has equal gender rights? The Answer is 100% said yes, United States has 100% equal gender rights. 3. Do you support women having low wage rate than men? The Answer in the survey is 74% said yes we support and 26% said no, when I asked them why you are not supporting yourself in wage plan: They just answered that Men should know that we are also same in the work. 4. Do you support women working in defense? The Answer was 100% percent said Yes, We can anywhere in the world. When I asked my group the most sensitive question in my questionnaire. 5. Do you think working men and women have low social relationships? The Answer is only 12% said yes on Low Social Relationships where as 88% percent said No, Its understanding and family responsibility. Discussion on Women Success Men had dominance over Women from the inception of human mankind, making them restricted to a very own limits. Men dominated Women in every step of life, taking out the opportunities from her hand. Now the time has come for a rapid change, which is equal existence. This is mainly not agreeable by some men, who always see women in a lower identity. Women responded well for this situation and started protesting for their basic rights. Men and Women must be given equal opportunity and status that men enjoy in the society. Some men agree to this statement, while some say that women are not compactable to working situations. While we take some examples of greatest men and women the larger percentage are men, and how the reports are changing even women are having higher rates of success. In earlier days very low percentage of women used to graduate where now the percentage is highly rising above the men, with the effect of Globalization the opportunities for women and men are almost same in the corporate world. If women are working smatter than men, then a radical change happens in the corporate world which involves switching of gender workers. Some women strongly believe that women are equal to men, which is true only to some extinct, where as in some cases men deal more smatter and quicker than women. Experiments and other surveys show that women concentrate on work more than men, but the decision making skills are slower when compared to men. Governments support to women development is also considered as important step in women achievers. The world around us clearly agree that Women as Successes in eve ry step of there life. SWOT Analysis of Working Women When I made some Internet Research on Women Success, I made a SWOT analysis to test there ability and treats so I made SWOT analysis for both men and women Here is the SWOT analysis of women, by which we can evaluate the points that help the women in there development, also we can evaluate the weakness of women. Strengths: Work Concentration, Determination and inspirational towards work. Weakness: Physically weak, Psychological Weakness, Barrier for Long Working Hours. Opportunities: Government Schemes, Globalization, Equal Gender rights and Special Women Rights. Threats: Sexual Harassment, Dominance of Men and Devaluation of Social responsibilities. Here is SWOT analysis of Men, by which we can evaluate on which basis men are leading over women. Strengths: Hard Working, Decision Making Skills, High Technical Knowledge and Long Hour Working. Weakness: Addiction to Alcohols, Low Concentration skills and Financial Tensions. Opportunities: Predominance in Engineering and Construction sectors, Physical Strength and Globalization. Threats: Entry of Women to the industry and Government Schemes. Comparison: After comparing and researching the two SWOT analyses I can clearly understand that Women and Men are equal in Oppurtunities, Strengths and Weakness but when we see the Treats Women have high risk features when compared to men. Suggestions and Opinions Keeping Women Success in Research Ive included some suggestions and opinions, that helps in improving the Success rate in Women. Equal Gender Rights and Women Empowerment are the main issues that were faced as critical areas of development by Governments these days. Governments and NGOs appointed several cultural working organizations for this development, which is a good step but these are mainly concerned to some extent of the geography. Here are some of the suggestions this project includes for Women Development and Equal Gender Rights. †¢Governments in African and Asian Continents should implement more developing schemes and take an initiative for Women Development and Equal Gender Rights. The Women rights in these areas are not well implemented as of many western countries. Governments should enforce Laws relating to wok environment and Sexual Harassments on women. †¢United Nations Role for Women Development in these Areas: UN should sanction more International funds to these areas for Women employment, Appoint volunteer organizations in these areas for educating and training women in specific skills. UN must force Governments to implement Equal Rights for Women and Men. †¢Special Schemes for European Women Workers: European Union (EU) is the richest financial market in the whole world, Euro as marked its presence as the Global Trading Currency, Even though the women workers in EU are less when compared to United States and Canada. EU should take initiative in increasing wage plans for Women workers and other fringe benefits. †¢During my Research I found that Female Discrimination in Asian countries is very high, female child deaths are recorded in every part of Asia, Mainly in India. Indians Psychologically think that females are low productive and cost oriented as they grow up, So poor families kill if a female baby is born, Now a days trend is changing Low Female Child Deaths are recorded. Government intervention in this issue made this happen. Government of India has passed several laws for presentation of early marriage of women and child labor in the society, which is not disabled till now. These types of activities on women should be completely taken out from the society. †¢ With Opinion of the people I surveyed, I found that 96% of the women need more Women Maternity Leaves: In United States women are generally assigned to taken maternity leave for 30 days which is a good option for the working women to take leave without quitting the job, But I think these leaves should be increased to 45-50 days with paid benefits. Result After briefly examining the growth and success of women in the last century and different surveys and interviews based on women development and empowerment. Womens motivation and determination towards work is running them towards success. Women around the world are now empowered with new innovative ideas and techniques with the support of Government and other Organizations. There was a rapid change in the status of women in last 2 decades, they started careers in every profession that man has done. The constant inspiration they get from other women makes them to search for a new opportunity. Women are more exploring nature than men, so they have new prospective ideas which work. Many women have marked there names as the most influential women on planet earth, But when we compare the worlds top 100 richest people in the world we have only two womens listed on. This says there is lot more to achieve. Women have just started off in there success run; there is a long distance to travel for status and pride. Men and Women are building competitive work culture, which is having cutthroat competition. Women are fighting for equal rights, even many women welfare and development organizations were established for protecting women against these unlawful issues. Women with tremendous support and motivation may lead there way to success. Globalization shows a challenging way for women with ample of opportunities from Small Scale industries to Defense. Women have wide spread there wings across each and every profession. During my Research with Women Companies World Magazine, 2007 I found that even companies deigned some professional careers especially for women, in which female domination appears than men such as Tourism and Service Sector Jobs. Women now a day appear more confident in work than men, hard work, motivational levels made them to reach different scales of height. Women are clearly standing on the same stature than a man enjoys in the society, Working women are respected and appreciated with rewards. In todays society Men and Women are equally treated with honor and respect, Even though there is no end for Development, Women should move wisely towards the better futures with more and more new innovations in mind. Mother Teresa is truly Women of the Century with working on Social Service as profession, well recognized and honored for her excellence. Mother Teresa Inspirations made many women to work hard towards there goal and destiny. References A survey on women rights by www.WorldPublicOpinion.org on March 6, 2008. Women Development and Strategies, Women Empowerment A Book written by Desbai in 2000. Increase of Women in Research and Development by Ministry of Research Science and Technology of New Zealand (www.morst.govt.nz). Chapter 8 of Women in Public Service by Government of New Zealand (www.ssc.govt.nz). 2004 Survey on role of women in the worlds Development by UNESCO. Worlds leading Business women and there achievements taken from www.leadingwomen.biz. Indra Nooyi, Powerful Business lady www.Capitalistchicks.com. A Survey on Womens loss in Global warming Women Development Environment Organization (WEDO). An Interview with C. Rice (Secretary of State), by Washington post on Dec 15th, 2006. List of NASA women astronauts published in January 2008. Top influential women on the planet earth Fortune Business Successful women, 2006 Andre Grove

Transformation of London in the 1790s :: European Europe History

Transformation of London in the 1790s Many changes were occurring in London during the 1790s. New ideas were emerging within England and around the world. The onset of the French Revolution contributed greatly to the unrest and the turmoil of the times. As the English citizens responded to both internal and external affairs, religious movements, social and political reform parties, and governmental reactions gained momentum. In addition, many writers responded and contributed to the progressive environment by giving the people a voice and further pointing out injustices. These movements and literary contributions influenced later writers and the lifestyles of people in and outside of London. In the 1790s, certain religions were being revived in London. Methodism and the Church of England were reaching out more to the citizens and affecting more lives. Methodism was thought to be an integral part in the social evolution of the country. It had a stabilizing effect for those involved with the church, as well as a model for the political development of the working-class people. The church believed in equal political, economic, and social rights for all people and it also had a strict, structural organization, which encouraged stability amongst its members. (1) While the churches had a soothing effect on the citizens of London, social and political reform increased concern, awareness, and uncertainty. The organization of the government in London contributed to the discontent of its citizens. The official City of London, which was only about one square mile, had the main banking center of the metropolis and a history of independent government established through two separate governing councils, something most sections of London decidedly lacked. Their setup was similar to Parliament, in that one council represented the wealthy, and the other represented more "ordinary" people, and was therefore more prone to agitate at any given time. In 1795, that lower council became fed up with the conflict with France and the unfavorable effect it was having on the merchants they represented. They directly charged the king to end the war and restore their prosperity. The motion failing, the City's council was more conservative afterwards. However, the no tion that a part of London could challenge its sovereign must have given hope to many of its citizens. (2) Westminster's municipal government was far from inspiring, as judges rather than representatives ruled the borough. However, this area "enjoyed a very wide parliamentary franchise, open to all resident householders.

Research Essay-Pre Revolutionary Thinkers

Over the past several weeks, looking out of the window of my modest home and seeing wave after wave of British marauders marching toward the city of Boston, some miles from my own home, my mind wanders to exactly what has taken place over the past several years in the fight for independence for our colonies, and what the future will hold. As a person of means and education, I consider myself infinitely qualified to comment on such matters, and in doing so, have also studied the writings and ideas of the leaders of our revolution, in order to be able to comment about the same.First, my mind wanders back to the year 1765, when we in the colonies sought to oppose the British attempt to extort monies from us via the Stamp Act, which had as its premise the collection of taxes in order to improve the living conditions and inner workings of the colonies (Ferling, 2002) , but in reality, to those of us who could see through the smoke of British muskets being aimed at us, it was nothing more than a legal form of blackmail, for the taxes that we were being compelled to pay gave us no more of a voice in the halls of British Parliament than the common slave would in fact have.When it was said that taxation without representation is nothing more than tyranny, the words rang true in my ears and in my heart. If the British Crown truly wishes to be able to legitimately collect taxes from the colonists, we must be able to exercise our basic freedoms and enjoy the protection of the Crown, including a voice in the halls of Parliament.Benjamin Franklin, a learned man of science and politics as well as a well traveled diplomat, has stated time and time again that all men are entitled to liberty (Watson, 2003); not the kind of liberty that has conditions of allegiance to a distant ruler attached to it, but the kind of liberty that is completely pure and noble- one that allows everyone to be able to pursue their own interests, contribute to the well-being of the common good, and be a ble to enjoy the blessing of raising one’s children in a free nation. One of Mr.Franklin’s best ideas is the plan that he has constructed for the unity of the colonies under one government (Watson, 2003); however, this plan must be clarified for one to truly understand both the simplicity and the beauty of it. Mr. Franklin does not advocate an allegiance to the British Empire, which has thus far added little of value to what we are doing here in the colonies, but rather a freely elected government, with the people choosing the members of the government and that government working at the interests of the people, not oppressing or opposing them.This is something that is seriously lacking in the thoughts and actions of the English, who believe that we colonists could be stacked like cordwood and used when necessary, ignored the rest of the time. Not only is this ridiculous, but it also makes cleared the importance of what Mr. Franklin has offered thus far. Mr. Franklin is not alone in these beliefs, nor has he been forced to carry the torch of liberty on his own. Yet another brilliant liberator of the colonists can be found in the person of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.As a prolific writer as is Mr. Franklin, Jefferson has put pen to paper and created a declaration of the independence that we seek from the Crown of England. While this document has not been intended to fire up controversy, it has raised the anger of those that would hold us back from our destiny, and will surely cause many problems going forward, before it is able to achieve its ultimate goal of freeing us from our political and economic bondage (Dershowitz, 2003).The Jeffersonian ideal of self government, as he proclaims, is worthwhile to consider, for within it, he feels that if men are given the ability to lead themselves and achieve their own destinies, not only will their nation, but future generations and the whole of mankind will be enriched for all time (Eicholz, 2001). The i ssue of independence goes so much deeper than the everyday lives of colonists; the issue cuts right to the will of the human race to be free and to lead themselves.While mistakes surely will and must happen from time to time, these mistakes will take place in an atmosphere of freedom, which is the naturally desirable state of man (Volo, 2003) These gentlemen are worthy of consideration from everyone who would be free for this reason if no other. For all of this talk of independence, I have not yet given much of my own impressions of the goings on and where I think everything will eventually lead. First, let me say this- I believe that it is the will of God almighty that these colonies be able to become something on their own and develop a system of government beyond the shadow of England’s heavy hand.America offers the bounty of the land, a hardworking population, and all of the materials that one would need to meet their needs- physical and spiritual. With these gifts from G od in place, it is inconceivable that He would have us do anything else but to fight as hard as we need to in order to gain freedom and self responsibility. My sentiments are echoed throughout the land; of course, the men who are gathered in Philadelphia have made this abundantly clear through their speech and written words, and the common citizen has shown their interest in the cause by taking up arms when necessary to fight for their lands, hearths and families.Because we all have put in the labor and money to build homes, plant crops, and establish industry, we should enjoy the fruits of those labors without having to hand over the fruits to greedy dictators from across the sea who would take as much as we could give. This raises the question of where to go from here; all effort must be made to keep our colonies strong through faith, hard work, and lawful behavior (Volo, 2003). Without these factors in place, we would surely fail, but this is not the case.We have at our disposal all of the tools that we will need to forge the freedom and keep the peace. In conclusion, after taking an educated look at what Mr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson and their colleagues have thought and practiced in this effort to gain recognition as a nation, away from the oppression of the British crown, I am of like mind with these gentlemen and their confederates. It is essential that we follow this path to its logical conclusion, for while the actions may be risky, the consequences of inaction are even more so pricey. ReferencesDershowitz, A. (2003). America Declares Independence. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Eicholz, H. L. (2001). Harmonizing Sentiments: The Declaration of Independence and the Jeffersonian Idea of Self Government. New York: Peter Lang. Ferling, J. (2002). Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press. Volo, D. D. , & M. Volo, J. (2003). Daily Life during the American Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pr ess. Watson, J. (2003). Ben Franklin, Protector of Americans Abroad. Biography, 26(3), 438+.

Free Essays on Art And The Mass Media

The electronic age of the museum is emerging. As "virtual" galleries and museums are available on the Internet, "real" museums are also adding electronic components and enhancements to their inventory. Some of the same problems museums have always faced - need for clarification, isolation of art pieces, displacement from culture and time, and the loss of meaning as a result – are more evident in the new media. Despite these challenges and limitations, museums add value to their collections and their information delivery by reaching out to new audiences in new ways. As technological possibilities expand, so will the effective electronic distribution of art and art education. This essay attempts to address some of the central dilemmas being faced by museums in their move toward electronic delivery of art. Traditionally, museums have been buildings that hold collections of artifacts, along the lines temple. These artifacts, often from faraway lands or donated by wealthy collectors, become silent messages that are brought to life by art historians and museum visitors. Here the term "museum" will refer not only to the structure, but also to the many people who comprise the governing and functioning bodies of the museum's social construction. A traditional museum exhibit is usually made according to one of two models: either a vehicle for the display of objects or a space for telling a story. Many museums attempt to do both. Museums play a number of interesting roles in society, some intended and some not. The intentional functions museums perform for art and the public are to preserve, teach, restore, exhibit, guard, evaluate, research, and provide access. Some of the unfortunate other functions museums perform are to isolate art from its place in the environment, and to c reate artificial divisions in societies: the buyers vs. the creators. Since the advent of electricity, museums have become increasingly enhanced by t... Free Essays on Art And The Mass Media Free Essays on Art And The Mass Media The electronic age of the museum is emerging. As "virtual" galleries and museums are available on the Internet, "real" museums are also adding electronic components and enhancements to their inventory. Some of the same problems museums have always faced - need for clarification, isolation of art pieces, displacement from culture and time, and the loss of meaning as a result – are more evident in the new media. Despite these challenges and limitations, museums add value to their collections and their information delivery by reaching out to new audiences in new ways. As technological possibilities expand, so will the effective electronic distribution of art and art education. This essay attempts to address some of the central dilemmas being faced by museums in their move toward electronic delivery of art. Traditionally, museums have been buildings that hold collections of artifacts, along the lines temple. These artifacts, often from faraway lands or donated by wealthy collectors, become silent messages that are brought to life by art historians and museum visitors. Here the term "museum" will refer not only to the structure, but also to the many people who comprise the governing and functioning bodies of the museum's social construction. A traditional museum exhibit is usually made according to one of two models: either a vehicle for the display of objects or a space for telling a story. Many museums attempt to do both. Museums play a number of interesting roles in society, some intended and some not. The intentional functions museums perform for art and the public are to preserve, teach, restore, exhibit, guard, evaluate, research, and provide access. Some of the unfortunate other functions museums perform are to isolate art from its place in the environment, and to c reate artificial divisions in societies: the buyers vs. the creators. Since the advent of electricity, museums have become increasingly enhanced by t...

Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute

Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute Original and Present Use: So far, the building was initially called a school of business and commerce. At the current moment, Central Commerce Collegiate is a public school situated in Palmerston-Little Italy, Toronto, Ontario. In the course of development, it has transformed into a composite school (Central Commerce Collegiate Institute n. p.).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Architectural Quality and Description Exterior: Materials The columns of the Central Commence Collegiate are made of stone blocks and the walls and facades are made up of brown bricks. The windows are framed with white decoration. The doors are decorated with glass lights. Above the doors, there are windows with balcony and windows with four-two lights. The columns are also outfit with widows at the second and third floors. Features: The project is a t hree story construction with masonry walls designed in the neoclassical style. The building is symmetrically balanced; widows and doors are of monumental proportions. All windows have simple molded frames with lintels. This style became quite popular in the end of the 19th century. Front windows are constructed in groups of three with six-over-two wood sashes. The entrant door is decorated with carved stone; it has six-over-six lights and with surmounted molded hood. The wings and the center portion have three quoins that are made of brick. The wings at identical sides of the construction are three bays wide that initially had three double-hung wood windows. In general, the construction has not changed, except for few interior and exterior details. In particular, as it is the example of 19th century architecture, the air conditioning system has been installed recently. Nevertheless, the entire building preserved its original, historic appearance. Interior Materials: The interior cha racteristics of the building are typical for the architectural style – terrazzo made up of concrete floors and ceilings finished with plaster. The interior doors opening are finished with wood doors and glass lights. The inside windows are operable and, therefore, it is quite convenient for teachers to control air temperature and ventilation. The central air-conditioning system is installed in the main corridors of the collegiate. There rooms are finished with acoustic tiles at the ceilings, below the interior doors and upper portions of window frames. Features: A three story building is composed of three floors; the first one contains the lunchroom and classrooms. At the second floor, classrooms, auditoriums with library, offices, and the exhibit space are located. Entrances to the classrooms are situated at the third floor (Central Commerce CI n. p.)Advertising Looking for report on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The crawl space and partial basement stretches under the historic construction. In the building, there are a lot of unique interior features that had remained in the school after the World War second. In this regard, Central Commerce Collegiate can be considered as valuable historical construction performing the function of local amenity. Description Room functions The classrooms at the first and the second floors are destined for conducting lectures and lessons. The offices at the second floor are occupied by teachers and professors. The library located at the second floor can be used both by instructors and students. This is also the place where students can conduct their researchers and prepare for their examinations. The exhibit space is destined for organizing various presentations and official meeting on special occasions. The classrooms can also be occupied by students and teachers for independent learning and research. Planning The room planning is organ ized in a relevant way, but there are still some lapses in function allocation. In particular, there should be a strict distribution of floor on the studying sections and reading sections. The offices, classrooms, and libraries are located at the same floor is not beneficial for the learning process and it would be more appropriate the divide functional zones more accurately. Architectural Styles Characteristics Exterior and interior design belong to Neoclassical Architecture, which quite reminiscent of Late Baroque architecture. Hence, it primarily highlights planar qualities, but not sculptural volumes. The light and shade effects as well as projections and recessions are flatter; sculptural bas-reliefs are enclosed in tablets, friezes, or panels. As a proof, the elements of building design also have features of the Georgian style and the Federal style architecture. It is worth saying that the architecture project is also a combination of neoclassical elements and Collegiate Gothi c architecture. The Gothic elements are presented in the construction of front columns and stone cladding. Features The architectural project personifies rationalistic orientation in construction. Strict lines, symmetric forms, and classic columns reminding of Roman ancient times are the main features of neoclassicism. All forms and are simple and relief decoration is traditionally focused on the roof edges. Therefore, the building can be considered as a traditional architecture (Hopkins 120). More importantly, Central Commerce Collegiate fits the practical requirements of educational establishment and provides the construction with character that presupposes its utilitarian purpose. One of the practical features of the building is using a three-storey structure that was often used in the Canadian architecture (Carr 80).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pa ge Learn More Site Considerations Contexts and Relationships: The site is located not far from Fred Hamilton Park and Bickford Park. The entire area is surrounded by household and, therefore, the school has a beneficial condition in terms of destination and location. Located between Montrose Avenu and Roxton Road, the construction is located in the residential area. Central Commerce Collegiate Institute is an important example of vernacular architecture. Traditionally, such buildings were constructed along with the development of neighboring sites. Landscaping The site is located on a flat plateau in the central part of Toronto. It maintains its original topography. A large front lawn faces Montrose Ave and it is covered with grass. The building is surrounded by large trees that are located behind the school and it is located not far from housing district. Historical Considerations Background: Since its foundation in 1916, the Central Commerce Collegiate Institute wa s initially constructed as a business school. Therefore, all facilities and building design were initially destined for the learning process. Quality: At the present moment, the construction serves as an educational establishing providing various academic courses and programs. State of the Building Exterior Fabric Condition The exterior fabric conditions of the building are almost perfect. The excellent conditions are predetermined by the building materials used in construction. Specifically, the utilization of brick and stone blocks ensure great durability of the building. However, the problem is that is impossible to assess the quality of brick with regard to its due date. The stone blocks are mostly presented as the building foundations. They also serve as the basic material in constructing the front columns. Interior Fabric Condition Interior fabric conditions were subjected to more serious alterations. Due to the constantly developing informational technologies, the interior sh ould be constructed and equipped in accordance with the existing standards. In this regard, the Institute has a computer class at the second floor that should be better ventilated than others. Structural Stability Due to the fact that the building was constructed in the half of the twentieth century, the structural stability is quite high due to its mass structure. Stone blocks and brick ensure the construction with good structural stability characteristics. Being presented in a traditional style that is far from modern construction the building has good characteristics for over a century.Advertising Looking for report on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations Analyzing the data, the report has revealed that the building has a stable structure. The location and landscape are also congruent with the functions affiliated with the construction. In addition, a combination of Neoclassical and Gothic elements perfectly suits the practical utilization of the building and corresponds to the prevailing trend in the Canadian architecture. However, the building should be always monitored and evaluated to ensure that all structural component and durability of materials correspond to the existing standards. Car, Angela. Toronto Architect Burke: Redefining Canadian Architecture. US: McGill-Queen’s Press, 1995. Print. Central Commerce CI. Searching Toronto.com. Web. Central Commerce Collegiate Institute. Toronto District School Board. Web. Hopkins, George D. Creating Your Architectural Style. US: Pelican Publishing, 2009.

How to reduce smoking in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to reduce smoking in america - Essay Example Cigarettes also come with huge financial implications to the smokers and their families; for instance, with a pack of cigarettes costing about 10$ in some areas, a pack per day smokers spent a whopping $3,650 in a year. In this regard, cigarette smoking not only leads to catastrophic health risks, it also comes with huge financial ramifications to the smokers and the American society in general. America should actively reduce smoking for the good of everyone as this is likely to have more benefits to the people such as improved health and financials. This paper will focus on how America can reduce smoking as a health hazard, to improve the health of its citizenry and to make America a better place for future generations. America has been traditionally engaged with the task of merely reducing preventable deaths through cigarette smoking especially in recognition of the fact that it cannot be stopped entirely. So much has been done already, but still there is yet a lot to be achieved i n that new cigarette addicts emerge every day in America. One of the major strategies that can work in America is the controversial cigarettes’ tax hike, which has a high potential of lowering the smoking rates in America. According to a research by the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, there was a considerable drop in cigarette sales in 2009 after a 62-cent hike per pack was passed (Hargreaves); if this trend is anything to go by, then it means that a tax hike on cigarettes can have substantial public health benefits. Recently, president Obama’s proposal to affect a 94-cent per pack hike on cigarettes stirred a lot of debate with anti-smoking groups in support of the move against some tax experts and tobacco companies. The tax has been designed as a way of cutting smoking rates and a source of income for educational programmes across America; a cigarette free society would definitely make America a better place to live. The other approach that America should quickly ado pt in order to reduce smoking is to fund tobacco control programs that aim to limit smoking of cigarettes in America. A much disturbing revelation is that many US-state governments have not prioritized the task of reducing cigarette smoking in their expansive programs. According to Reuters, many US-state governments receive huge sums of money from tobacco sales and legal settlements with cigarette makers, but only a little is spent on funding programs that can help people reduce and quit smoking altogether (Gray). Anti-tobacco media campaigns can be another effective way of reducing smoking in America as this will raise awareness on the dangers of cigarettes to the public and the health benefits associated with reduced smoking. For instance, more aggressive approaches such as uncompromising graphic admonition on cigarette packages can be very effective on discouraging cigarette smoking; however, despite that this rule has been implemented in many countries around the world, as has b een maintained in the US federal courts (Daynard). This is largely because it is feared that the advertising may infringe on the manufacturers First Amendment rights thus cigarettes are still tolerated in American societies while the courts hesitate. Cigarette manufacturers would rather safeguard their profits at the expense of the unsuspecting public and as such would want nothing to jeopardize their trade in the